Anti-Virus and Rootkit Protection with ClamAV and rkhunter
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Anti-virus and Rootkit Detection
This guide teaches you how to use ClamAV, ClamTK, and rkhunter for anti-virus and rootkit detection to secure your server.
ClamAV
ClamAV is an open source anti-virus toolkit that is available for Linux, MacOS, and Windows.
Installing ClamAV
You can install ClamAV with the aptitude package manager on Debian and Ubuntu or with the yum package manager on CentOS. The instructions in this guide show apt
examples and can be adapted for CentOS with yum
. ClamAV requires the clamav
utility and the clamav-daemon
for management.
Install the ClamAV utilities by running the following command:
sudo apt install clamav clamav-daemon
After the installation, you can check the version of ClamAV installed by running the following command:
clamscan --version
Update the ClamAV Signature Database
Before you can get started with any scanning, you need to ensure that all the relevant ClamAV services and daemons are running. The first service you want to start is the freshclam
service which is responsible for updating the signature database.
In order to perform scans with ClamAV, you must have an active and updated signature database. It is recommended to keep your database up to date on a regular basis.
To update your signature database you need to stop the
freshclam
service. Do this by running the following command:sudo systemctl stop clamav-freshclam
You can now update the signature database by running the freshclam command:
sudo freshclam
After the signature database has been updated you can now start the freshclam service by running the following command:
sudo systemctl start clamav-freshclam
Scanning with ClamAV
Scanning with ClamAV is simple and can be invoked by running the clamscan
command in the terminal. You can get started by scanning a particular directory.
For example, if you want to scan the
/etc/
directory for infected files, run the following command:sudo clamscan -i -r --remove /etc
-i
: prints only infected files--remove
: removes infected files--r
: recursive scan, all the subdirectories in the directory are scanned
To learn more about the commands you can use with
clamscan
check the manual.If you want to scan the entire system, run the following command:
sudo clamscan -i -r --remove /
After the scan is completed, a summary is displayed.
----------- SCAN SUMMARY ----------- Known viruses: 8930484 Engine version: 0.102.4 Scanned directories: 150 Scanned files: 439 Infected files: 0 Data scanned: 2.15 MB Data read: 0.93 MB (ratio 2.32:1) Time: 100.447 sec (1 m 40 s)
ClamTK
ClamTK is a GUI for ClamAV and is designed to streamline the scanning process for systems with a desktop manager or window manager. ClamTK does not work in a terminal as it is a GUI wrapper for ClamAV.
Install ClamTK
ClamTK can be installed by running the following command:
sudo apt-get install clamtk
Scanning With ClamTK
Scanning with ClamTK is simpler than with ClamAV.
Launch it by running the following command in the terminal:
clamtk
The graphical interface appears. To start a scan, in the Analysis panel, click on the Scan a directory icon.
Select the directory you want to scan.
ClamTK scans the directory and displays a summary of the scan when it’s finished.
Rkhunter
rkhunter (Rootkit Hunter) is a Unix-based tool that scans for rootkits, back doors and possible local exploits. It does this by comparing SHA-1 hashes of important files with known good ones in online databases, searching for default directories (of rootkits), wrong permissions, hidden files, suspicious strings in kernel modules, and special tests for Linux and FreeBSD. Rkhunter is available as a package in most Linux distribution repositories.
Install rkhunter
Install rkhunter by running the following command:
sudo apt install rkhunter
Ensure that rkhunter database is updated by running the following command:
sudo rkhunter --propupd
Scanning with rkhunter
Running a scan with rkhunter is simple and can be started by running the following command:
sudo rkhunter --check
After the scan has been completed a scan summary is displayed along with the path to the log files that contain useful output.
System checks summary
=====================
File properties checks...
Files checked: 144
Suspect files: 4
Rootkit checks...
Rootkits checked : 497
Possible rootkits: 0
Applications checks...
All checks skipped
The system checks took: 1 minute and 22 seconds
All results have been written to the log file: /var/log/rkhunter.log
One or more warnings have been found while checking the system.
Please check the log file (/var/log/rkhunter.log)
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